91.04.1

Use and installation of instruments and equipment

(1) Instruments on an aircraft which are used by a pilot shall be arranged in such a manner that the pilot can see their indications readily from his or her station, with the minimum practicable deviation from the position and line of vision which he or she normally assumes when looking forward along the flight path.

(2) If a single instrument or item of equipment in an aircraft is required to be operated by more than one pilot, such single instrument or item of equipment shall be installed in such a manner that it can be readily seen and operated from each pilot station.

(3) An aircraft shall be equipped with means for indicating the adequacy of the power being supplied to the required flight instruments.

(4) Placards and instrument markings, containing those operating limitations required by the type certificate or by regulation to be visible to the flight crew, shall be displayed in the aircraft.

(5) An operator shall ensure that a flight does not commence unless the instruments and equipment required under the regulations are functioning and are in a condition for safe operation of the kind being conducted, except as provided for in an MEL.

(6) The operator shall not be required to obtain approval for the—

(7) Aircraft with advanced cockpit automation systems (glass cockpits) must have system redundancy that provides the flight crew with attitude, heading and airspeed and altitude indications in case of failure of the primary system or display.

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