(1) The owner or operator of an aircraft shall ensure that no person operates the aircraft in simulated instrument flight in VMC unless—
(a) the other aircraft control seat is occupied by a safety pilot who possesses at least a PPL with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft being flown;
(b) the safety pilot has adequate vision forward and to each side of the aircraft, or there is a competent observer in the aircraft who adequately supplements the vision of the safety pilot; and
(c) except in the case of lighter-than-air aircraft, the aircraft is fitted with fully functioning dual controls: Provided that simulated instrument flight may be conducted in a single-engine aircraft, equipped with a single, functioning throw-over control wheel in place of fixed dual controls of the elevator and ailerons, when—
(i) the safety pilot has determined that the flight can be conducted safely; and
(ii) the person manipulating the controls has at least a PPL with appropriate category, class and type ratings.
(2) When simulated instrument flight is being practised by a pilot, at least one of the two pilots shall hold the appropriate valid type rating in respect of the aircraft being flown and shall act as the PIC.
(3) When a simulated instrument flight takes place at night in VMC, the safety pilot shall be the holder of a valid instrument rating.
(4) When simulated instrument flight is being practised for the purpose of obtaining an instrument rating, the safety pilot shall be an appropriately rated flight instructor.